BY-LAWS OF THE HORACE MANN SCHOOL
PARENT TEACHER ORGANIZATION

Section 2. The Horace Mann PTO is located at the Horace Mann School, 687 Watertown Street, Newton, Massachusetts 02460.

Section 3. The Horace Mann PTO shall be an affiliate of the Newton Council of Parent-Teacher Organizations.

ARTICLE II
Purpose

The purpose of the Horace Mann PTO shall include to:

* support the efforts of the Horace Mann School staff in providing optimal educational, emotional, social and physical growth for students;
* encourage the involvement of parents and/or guardians of students in the life of the Horace Mann School;
* promote the Core Values of the Horace Mann School;
* encourage cooperation, collaboration and communication between staff and parents and/or guardians;
* generate interest in and understanding of the Horace Mann School within the broader Newton community;
* work collaboratively with the Horace Mann School Council; and
* raise the necessary funds to support its operation and the fulfillment of its purpose as stated herein.

ARTICLE III
School Directory

All parents and/or guardians of the student of the Horace Mann School, as well as the staff of the Horace Mann School, shall be Members of the Horace Mann PTO. Voluntary dues may be solicited annually; provided, however, that School Directory in the Horace Mann PTO shall not be contingent upon payment of dues.

ARTICLE IV
Policies

The Policies of the Horace Mann PTO shall be non-commercial, non-sectarian, non-profit and non-partisan. The name of the Horace Mann PTO shall not be used in connection with any commercial or partisan interest or campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office, nor for any other purpose not appropriately related to its purpose as stated in Article II herein.

ARTICLE V
Amendments

These Amended By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Horace Mann PTO by a two-thirds majority vote of the Members present and voting, provided that written notice of the proposed amendment has been given to the Members of the Horace Mann PTO at least two weeks in advance of such meeting.

ARTICLE VI
Fiscal Year; Budget and Expenditures

Section 1. The fiscal year of the Horace Mann PTO shall be from September 1 to August 31, except that the current fiscal year as of the date that these Amended By-Laws become effective shall be from July 1, 2001 to August 31, 2002.

Section 2. A financial annual report, with specific line item disclosure, shall be prepared by the Treasurer annually and presented to the Members at an autumn meeting of the Horace Mann PTO.

Section 3. A proposed budget for the next fiscal year shall be prepared by the Co-presidents and Treasurer and present to the Members of the Horace Mann PTO at the first regular meeting in each school year for review and approval by a majority of the Members present and voting. A copy of the proposed budget shall be available to Members upon request, prior to such meeting. If during the fiscal year any substantial expenditures are made which were not contained in the budget as approved by the Members, such substantial expenditures shall be reported to the Members by the Co-Presidents or the Treasurer by written notice or at a meeting of the Members of the Horace Mann PTO.

Section 4. The Treasurer and the Co-Presidents are the authorized signatories for all expenditures, but only one signature is required.

ARTICLE VIII
Officers

The Executive Officers of the Horace Mann PTO shall consist of no more than three (3) Co-Presidents, no more than two (2) Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary.

Section 1. Co-Presidents. There shall be no more than three (3) Co-Presidents. The Co-Presidents shall preside at all meetings of the Horace Mann PTO. The Co-Presidents shall be members ex-officio of all committees of the Horace Mann PTO. The Co-Presidents may appoint ad hoc committees, non-executive officers and liaison persons throughout the year when necessary, desirable or appropriate and shall perform all other duties pertaining to the office. The Co-Presidents shall serve as liaison of the Horace Mann PTO to the principal, to the School Council, to the community and to the Newton Council of Parent-Teacher Organizations. Each Co-President will serve a term of two (2) years, but their terms shall not be coterminous, so that at least one (1) Co-President will be in the second year of his/her tem, while at least one (1) other Co-President is in the first year of his/her term.

Section 2. Vice Presidents. There shall be no more than two (2) Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents shall assist in the preparation of the annual budget, the planning of meetings of the members of the Horace Mann PTO, and fundraising and community events, act as liaison to committee chairs as appointed by the Co-Presidents, and shall perform all other duties appropriate to the office as determined by the Executive Committee. The Vice Presidents shall serve one-year term and be eligible for re-election.

Section 3. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall receive all monies of the Horace Mann PTO and shall make authorized disbursements. The Treasurer shall keep accurate accounts of the funds of the Horace Mann PTO and shall present a statement of account upon request of the Co-Presidents. The Treasurer shall prepare the financial annual report and shall assist with the preparation of the annual budget. The Treasurer shall serve a one-year term and be eligible for re-election.

Section 4. Secretary. The Secretary shall cause to be kept a true record of all meetings of the Horace Mann PTO. The notes or minutes of each meeting shall be posted in a public place after each meeting. Under the direction of the Co-Presidents, the Secretary shall handle all correspondence of the Horace Mann PTO, shall acknowledge community efforts at Horace Mann School, assist other officers with communications, convey notable activities at the Horace Mann School to the community, and shall perform all other duties usually pertaining to this office. The Secretary shall serve a one-year term and be eligible for re-election.

ARTICLE VIII
Executive Committee

The Executive Committee of the Horace Mann PTO shall consist of the Co-Presidents, Vice Presidents, Treasurer and Secretary of the Horace Mann PTO. Meetings of the Executive Committee may be called by any three (3) members of the Executive Committee. Four (4) members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum. The duties of the Executive Committee shall be to transact necessary business between meetings of the Members of the Horace Mann PTO and such other business as may be referred to it by the Horace Mann PTO. All meetings of the Executive Committee shall be open to all Members of the Horace Mann PTO.

ARTICLE IX
Elections

Section 1. Elections. Elections of the Executive Officers and other committee members shall be held at the first regular meeting of the Horace Mann PTO in each school year.

Section 2. Nominations. Nominations for Executive Officers shall be solicited through the Horace Mann PTO newsletter and may be made from the floor with the consent of the nominee.

Section 3. Ballots. Elections shall be by ballot when there is more than one nominee for an office. Executive Officers shall assume their duties upon election. At any election, a plurality of votes cast shall be necessary to elect.

Section 4. School Council Elections. The Horace Mann PTO shall be responsible for holding elections to fill any parent representative vacancies on the Horace Mann School Council.

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RTICLE X
Meetings; Notices

Section 1. Meetings. There shall be no fewer than four (4) regular meetings of the Members of the Horace Mann PTO during the school year. The Budget Meeting and the election of Executive Officers will be held at the first regular meeting of the Horace Mann PTO in each school year. Any special meetings may be called by the Co-Presidents.

Section 2. Notices. Notice of each meeting of the Horace Mann PTO shall be posted at the Horace Mann School office and published either in the Horace Mann PTO newsletter or otherwise distributed through students.

ARTICLE XI
Rules of Order

The rules contained I the most recent edition of Robert’s Rules of Order shall govern meetings of the Horace Mann PTO in all cases not covered by the Amended By-Laws.

ARTICLE XII
Compliance with Internal Revenue Code

Section 1. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles, the Horace Mann PTO is organized exclusively for one or more of the purposes specified in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (‘IRC”), as amended, and shall not carry on any activities not permitted for an organization exempt from Federal income tax under IRC Section 501(c)(3) or corresponding provisions of any subsequent Federal tax law.

Section 2. No part of the net earnings of the Horace Mann PTO shall inure to the benefit of any Member or officer of the Horace Mann PTO, or any private individual (except that reasonable compensation may be paid for services rendered to or for the Horace Mann PTO), and no Member or officer or the Horace Mann PTO, nor any private individual shall be entitled to share in the distribution of the Horace Mann PTO’s assets upon its dissolution.

Section 3. No substantial part of the activities of the Horace Mann PTO shall be carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation (except as otherwise provided in IRC Section 501(h).

Section 4. The Horace Mann PTO shall not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office.

Section 5. In the event of dissolution, all of the remaining assets and property of the Horace Mann PTO shall, after paying or adequately providing for the debts and obligations thereof, be distributed to another charitable organization, foundation or non-profit fund exempt from Federal tax under IRC Section 501(c)(3), or corresponding provisions of any subsequent Federal tax law.

ARTICLE XIII
Indemnification

The members and/or officers of the Horace Mann PTO shall not be personally liable for any debt, liability, or obligation of the Horace Mann PTO. All persons, corporations or other entities extending credit to, contracting with, or having any claim against the Horace Mann PTO may look to the funds and property of the Horace Mann PTO for the payment of any debt, damages, judgment, or decree, or any money that may otherwise become due and payable to them from the Horace Mann PTO.